Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses, allergic inflammation and host defence mechanisms. T helper 9 (TH9) cells, a specialised ...

In 2024, Professor Sebastian Kobold's research group at LMU University Hospital had already shown that the metabolite prostaglandin E2 can block T cells—the killer cells of the immune system—in the ...

Explore the evolution of T-cell engagers, from experimental concepts to effective therapies for haematologic malignancies.

T cells play central roles in the adaptive immune response against cancer. Their functional inactivation is a primary driver of tumor progression, making the reactivation of T cell function a main ...

Just before the pandemic took center stage in 2020, scientists at a T cell memory conference convened to discuss a less than traditional topic: nomenclature. Prior to the event, the workshop ...

Among the most promising tools of cancer therapy, engineered immune cells known as chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells have already transformed the treatment of blood cancers. Yet, despite their ...

The brain is shielded from many substances by the blood-brain barrier, but this shield is not impenetrable. There are immune cells in the brain called microglia that can respond to potential invaders ...